AI Computers – Buying Guide
AI computers are dedicated workstations designed for local training, fine-tuning, and running artificial intelligence models. The choice of a computer for working with artificial intelligence depends on how the models will be used - from prototyping and fine-tuning large language models, to image generation, to real-time inference, which involves handling queries to a ready model with minimal delay. In this guide, you will find a comprehensive comparison of parameters, manufacturers, and configurations available from Senetic, which will help IT managers, developers, and purchasing teams select hardware optimal for performance, scalability, and budget.
What are AI Computers
An AI computer is a workstation or compact desktop system optimized for artificial intelligence tasks: machine learning, training neural networks and models on proprietary datasets, and inference. An AI computer typically has a more complex architecture than a regular computer - key components for AI computers include graphics card, RAM, and processor with NPU.
The basic operating principles are based on three types of computing units:
- GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) - a graphics chip responsible for parallel processing of large data matrices, including calculations on weights and gradients of artificial intelligence models. The GPU divides computations into thousands of concurrent threads, thus reducing the training and running time of AI models from weeks to hours. A key parameter when choosing an AI computer is the amount of GPU memory (VRAM) because it determines how large a model can fit in the card's memory without switching data from the disk.
- NPU (Neural Processing Unit) - a specialized processor for inference operations. Dedicated NPU processors offload the system in AI tasks, providing low latency and high efficiency in local data processing. The presence of NPU units allows for efficient local data processing in AI.
- SoC (System on Chip) - an integrated circuit that combines a processor (CPU), graphics processor (GPU), and unified memory on a single chip. This allows all components to use a common pool of memory instead of exchanging data between separate chips. This eliminates the transfer bottleneck that occurs in traditional computers at the junction of CPU, GPU, and separate RAM/VRAM. This approach is used by compact AI computers, enabling work with large models with lower power consumption and a smaller form factor than in a traditional workstation.
The benefits of using AI computers in a business environment include:
- full control over data,
- lower latency than cloud solutions,
- no dependency on internet bandwidth,
- lower operational costs in the long term,
- enabling local model deployment - for many companies, this means new opportunities, from prototyping to production deployment, without the need for cloud processing.
The difference between local and cloud processing comes down to a trade-off: the cloud offers scalability but incurs ongoing costs and requires data transfer. Local AI computers eliminate these limitations - especially with frequent and intensive model training or inference.
AI Computer vs. Regular Computer with Graphics Card
A regular desktop computer with a strong graphics card and a professional workstation are two different classes of devices. The graphics card is the most important element of an AI computer, but it alone does not define an AI computer.
Memory Architecture
The memory architecture directly affects how large models can be handled without losing performance. In SoC-based computers with unified memory, the CPU and GPU share a common pool of memory, allowing for work with large language models without segmenting them into smaller pieces and without losing performance when switching data between units. This is a real advantage for tasks requiring a large amount of memory, e.g., working with models on the order of tens of billions of parameters, which in a standard architecture would require several interconnected graphics cards.
Performance
Performance in AI tasks varies dramatically depending on the class of hardware. Consumer-grade graphics cards achieve AI performance measured in thousands of TOPS (Tera Operations Per Second), which is sufficient for many inference tasks and fine-tuning smaller models. Dedicated AI computers, based on architectures optimized for computation, offer computational power unavailable to consumer-grade graphics cards.
Process Acceleration
AI computers accelerate both processes related to artificial intelligence and creative tasks from rendering graphics, through video processing, to image generation in AI-based tools. However, for professional model training, a dedicated workstation utilizing the architecture and unified memory described above is sufficient. Consumer-grade graphics cards, even the most powerful, do not have enough memory or bandwidth for this scale of tasks.
Cooling
AI computers often have higher power and cooling requirements due to prolonged loads, which is another element that distinguishes them from standard PCs.
Types of AI Computers by Application
The choice of an AI computer should consider the type of tasks performed. Different stages of working with AI models - from training from scratch, through fine-tuning, to production deployment - require different hardware configurations.
Computers for Training Models
Training large neural networks from scratch is one of the most computationally demanding AI applications. The performance of a workstation primarily depends on the power of the GPU in the computations used during training, the capacity and bandwidth of the GPU memory, and the speed of data delivery. Depending on the size of the model, GPUs equipped with dozens of gigabytes of VRAM or systems with large unified memory may be useful. Large training datasets also justify the use of fast NVMe disks with several terabytes of capacity and a large amount of RAM. PCIe Gen4 or Gen5 can further limit communication bottlenecks, especially in configurations with multiple GPUs. However, specific requirements depend on the type and scale of the model being trained.
Computers for Fine-tuning Models
Fine-tuning existing AI models requires a balanced configuration. A GPU or a Blackwell-type chip with a medium/high level of VRAM, a fast NVMe SSD for reading and writing checkpoints, and a large capacity of RAM form an optimal base. The speed of writing to disk and memory bandwidth directly affects the time of each training cycle.
Computers for AI Inference
Running ready AI models requires optimization for response speed (latency) and energy efficiency. Both GPU cards and NPU processors excel here. RTX performance is crucial for local AI image generation, and compact SoC systems with unified memory achieve excellent results with low energy consumption.
Key Parameters of AI Computers
Technical parameters determine what AI tasks a computer will be able to perform efficiently. Below is a discussion of key specifications to pay attention to when making a selection.
Disk Capacity - 1 TB, 2 TB, or 4 TB
NVMe disks are crucial for fast data loading in AI applications. SSDs with a capacity of 512 GB are recommended for entry-level AI computers - NVMe SSDs with a capacity of 512 GB are versatile for AI in simpler inference tasks.
For professional applications:
- 1 TB - sufficient for inference and prototyping with single models
- 2 TB - optimal for fine-tuning when data and checkpoints are stored locally
- 4 TB - recommended for training models and working with large datasets
Connectivity 10 GbE and 200 GbE
Fast network connectivity is significant in AI environments, especially when several computers collaborate within a single cluster or use data stored on local servers. Efficient workstations can offer 10 GbE ports, and more advanced configurations can also feature interfaces with bandwidth reaching 200 Gb/s.
Such fast connections facilitate the exchange of large amounts of data between systems, synchronization of computations, and distribution of tasks among several units. This is particularly important when working with very large models that, due to memory or computational power requirements, may necessitate the use of more than one computer.
Wired connectivity can be complemented by Wi-Fi 7 and Bluetooth 5.4.
RAM and VRAM
In a traditional desktop, the graphics card's VRAM — usually 16–32 GB — dictates how large a model you can run, while system RAM (16 GB for basic use, 32 GB or more for advanced work) handles everything else. AI computers built on NVIDIA GB10 work differently: 128 GB of unified memory forms a single pool shared by the CPU and GPU, eliminating both the VRAM ceiling and the need to copy data between memories.
Processors and Graphics Cards
Modern AI computers are based on two architectural approaches:
- Traditional platforms with a multi-core general-purpose processor and a dedicated graphics card
- SoC platforms with a multi-core processor integrated with a graphics chip on a single chip
AI computers should have dedicated NPU (Neural Processing Unit) units regardless of the platform; the presence of NPU ensures efficient offloading of the CPU and graphics card during routine AI operations, such as speech recognition, image processing, or AI assistants in the operating system. This allows the computer to remain efficient even with background tasks, without burdening the main computational units.
AI Computer Manufacturers Available from Senetic
Senetic offers AI computers from leading manufacturers such as NVIDIA, Lenovo, HP, Dell, Asus, MSI, Gigabyte, and Acer.
NVIDIA offers its own AI computer, designed as a complete solution for local artificial intelligence computations. The device combines computational performance with a ready working environment. The operating system includes a full software stack for working with AI models, allowing you to start working without additional configuration. This is a proposal for teams that want to launch AI projects immediately after unpacking the hardware, without time-consuming environment preparation.
Lenovo offers AI computers as part of its line of workstations designed for business applications. The models stand out with extensive data security features, including disk encryption and a trusted platform module, which is important when working with sensitive data or compliance requirements. Variants are available with different disk capacities, tailored to the scale of ongoing AI projects.
HP introduces AI computers as an extension of its line of workstations for business. The designs are compact, intended for deployments in office and laboratory spaces, where both performance and limited footprint matter. The manufacturer emphasizes enterprise-class reliability and optimized cooling in a small form factor.
Dell offers AI computers as part of a series designed for companies with varying scales of deployment. An important element of the offering is the device fleet management ecosystem, which facilitates administration of a larger number of workstations in the organization. The manufacturer is developing this line as part of a broader strategy for computers supported by hardware AI accelerators.
ASUS offers AI computers designed for long-term, continuous computational loads. The design emphasizes cooling solutions tailored for working with large datasets and AI models over extended periods. This is a proposal aimed at teams conducting regular, repetitive computational tasks.
MSI specializes in AI computers designed for edge computing applications, which involve processing data close to where it is generated, rather than sending it to a central server or cloud. The manufacturer's offering is particularly aimed at industrial applications, where real-time inference is required directly on-site. The compact format of the devices facilitates deployments in production, warehouse, and IoT environments.
Gigabyte offers AI computers complemented by its own software tools that support performance optimization during fine-tuning and inference of models. Variants are available with different SSD disk capacities, tailored to various project scales. The devices can be interconnected, allowing for increased resources when working with larger models.
Acer targets its offering of AI computers primarily at small and medium-sized enterprises starting to implement artificial intelligence in their processes. The emphasis is on affordability while maintaining a compact, desktop design. This solution is suitable for both local inference and early stages of model prototyping.
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
Is a regular computer with a strong graphics card sufficient for working with AI?
It depends on the scale of the task. For inference on smaller models, image generation, video editing with AI acceleration, or daily work with code assistants, yes, a computer with a powerful graphics card and at least 16 GB of RAM is sufficient. However, for training your own models, working with large language models over 70 billion parameters, or production inference for an entire team, you need a dedicated AI workstation with unified memory and SoC architecture.
How large of a language model can fit in 128 GB of unified memory?
Models with 70-80 billion parameters typically fit in ~30-40 GB of GPU memory when using memory compression. In 128 GB of unified memory, you can comfortably run models up to ~200 billion parameters. Models with 400 billion parameters require connecting two devices via high-bandwidth network ports, totaling 256 GB of unified memory.
Do AI computers from different manufacturers differ in performance?
Models based on the same SoC (e.g., NVIDIA DGX Spark, Lenovo ThinkStation PGX, Gigabyte AI TOP Atom, MSI EdgeXpert MS-C931) offer similar computational performance and the same amount of unified memory. Differences pertain to cooling quality, network interfaces, security features, pre-installed software, warranty conditions, and availability of technical support.
What operating system does NVIDIA DGX Spark support?
NVIDIA DGX Spark runs on a Linux-based operating system, with a pre-installed full software stack for working with AI (computational environments, machine learning libraries, analytical notebooks). Windows is not supported on this hardware platform.
Can two AI computers be connected into one cluster?
Some models in this category, including Lenovo ThinkStation PGX, Gigabyte AI TOP Atom, NVIDIA DGX Spark, or MSI EdgeXpert MS-C931, are equipped with high-bandwidth network ports that allow connecting two units into a cluster.
How much power does an AI computer consume?
The typical power consumption for compact AI stations based on SoC architecture is around 240 W, comparable to a high-performance desktop computer, but with significantly higher AI performance per watt of energy consumed. In configurations with a traditional graphics card, consumption may be higher. The high-end card itself consumes up to about 450 W, and the entire system 600-800 W under full load.
When does local AI processing have an advantage over the cloud?
Local AI stations outperform the cloud when you need: low latency (real-time inference), full control over data and compliance with regulations, independence from internet bandwidth, and when you are intensively and regularly fine-tuning or inferring models. In the long term, the operational cost of a local station can be lower than the fees for cloud computing resources with continuous use. Many companies are exploring a hybrid model, local processing on a daily basis, and cloud for scaling peak loads.
What disk capacity should I choose for working with AI models?
1 TB is sufficient for inference and prototyping with a few models. 2-4 TB is recommended for fine-tuning and training. A 512 GB disk works only for the simplest applications. The priority should be the speed of the disk; a fast NVMe drive is more important than capacity itself, as it reduces data loading time and checkpoint writing.
